East and West (4)

Germans amass on Norway coast, 9 April 1940

Although the April 1940 fiasco in Norway was Churchill’s responsibility as the First Lord of the Admiralty, Chamberlain paid the political price.  Winston Churchill became the Prime Minister of Great Britain and her Empire, yet he remained dismissive of Japan, her own power, and wanted nothing less than an all-out war with Germany.

Norwegian village burned during a battle, April 1940

The book, The Great Betrayal: Britain, Australia & the Onset of the Pacific War 1939-42, by David Day, explains the problems in detail that faced Australia, the ambitions of Menzies and the danger both New Zealand and Australia teetered on during this period far better than I can in my limited space.

Wirraway

As the date for Japan’s ‘Operation Z’ to commence crept ever closer, Australia’s obligation of compliance with British imperatives, left the country with no aircraft capable of meeting Japanese fighters.  The Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) had 170 aircraft (on paper), including 53 Hudsons (20 in the Netherland East Indies); 57 Wirraways and assorted training planes. The RAAF was commanded by British Air Chief, Marshall Burnett, whose main objective was to produce more trained men for Europe and the Middle East.  When New Zealand sent her 3rd Division overseas, Australia followed suit by deploying her 6th Division.  The RAN was basically taken over by the British Admiralty.

Lockheed-Hudson

August 1941, after the Newfoundland meeting of Allied powers, General Pownall, Vice Chief of the Imperial General Staff was quoted as saying, “Roosevelt was all for coming into the war and as soon as possible…but he said he would never declare war, he wishes to provoke it.  He wants to create an incident that brings war about, being no doubt sure that he would be fully supported by his people.”

As Pan-American Airways inaugurated its flights to New Zealand, Australia continued to deny access to Sydney.  (This was on orders from Churchill.)  Churchill was still asserting his rash promise of support for New Zealand, Australia and Singapore – a vow he now stated with the stipulation    – “should they be invaded.”

In New Zealand, preparations were published for her people, in the event of such an invasion and this is covered by fellow blogger and avid historian, Lemuel @ History Geek and can be found HERE!!

Despite the constitutional fall-out of Britain’s declaration of war on behalf of India (and without representation), the British could indeed rely on India’s support in the war.  An expeditionary force of mule transport companies provided back up in France and 24 pilots were immediately sent to the RAF in 1940.

To be continued…

Click on images to enlarge.

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Political cartoon of the times…

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Farewell Salutes –

Floyd Brittain – Sacramento, CA; US Army, WWII, ETO

Mary Branum – Scammon, KS; Aux. Military Police, WWII

Carl Carrick – Warner Robbins, GA; US Air Force, MSgt. (Ret. 29 years)

Bruce Davis – Ottawa, Can.; Cameron Highlanders, WWII

James Garner – Brentwood, CA; US 5th Regimental Combat Team, Korea, 2 Purple Hearts, [beloved actor for 50 years]

Robert Hindle – N.Z.; RNZ Air Force # 433203 LAC RL

Robert Jacoby – Park Ridge, NJ; US Navy, WWII, PTO, “Nautilus” submarine

Joe Lanear – Phoenix, AZ; US Air Force, Korea

Leland Newell – Melbourne, FL; US Air Force, Flight Surgeon

Walter Reilly – W>Palm Bch, FL; US Navy, submarine service

Timothy Sloan – Lafayette, LA; US Army, Korea, A CO/188th RCT

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